Software safety and hazard analysis are SQA activities that focus on the identification and assessment of potential hazards that may impact software negatively and cause entire system to fail. If hazards can be identified early in the software engineering process software design features can be specified that will either eliminate or control potential hazards. A [...]
Continue reading → Most banks and financial institutions offer a wide variety of banking services (for example saving balance checking, individual transactions), credit (such as loans, mortgage) and investment services (mutual funds). Some also offer insurance services and stock investment services. Financial data collected in the banking and financial i9ndustry are often relatively complete,reliable and of high quality,which [...]
Continue reading → Clustering is a challenging and interested field potential applications pose their own special requirements. The following are typical requirements of clustering in data mining: 1. Scalability: Many clustering algorithms work well on small data sets containing fewer than 200 data objects. However, a large database may contain millions of objects. Clustering on a sample of [...]
Continue reading → Clustering is a division of data into groups of similar objects. Each group, called cluster, consists of objects that are similar between themselves and dissimilar to objects of other groups. Representing data by fewer clusters necessarily loses certain fine details (akin to lossy data compression), but achieves simplification. It represents many data objects by few [...]
Continue reading → Dynamic linking is the process by which an application in the Windows environment is able to link to library functions at run time. Ina standard C# program, various built-in functions, which are invoked by the program, are resolved to a library during compilation. The library contains code for these functions. The compiler identifies the library [...]
Continue reading → Windows enables you to execute programs by using a mouse. When you click on a control, an event is generated. An event is an action performed by the user. Windows generates messages in response to each event performed by the user. These messages are sent to the application and, depending on the messages received, the [...]
Continue reading → Windows provides the following types of dialog boxes : Modal System modal Modeless Modal Dialog Box A modal dialog box does not allow you to switch focus to another area of the application which has invoked the dialog box. However, you can switch to other windows applications while the modal dialog box is being [...]
Continue reading → A subquery places one query inside another one. The second query resides somewhere within the WHERE clause of a SELECT statement. One or more values returned by the subquery are used by the main query to return the results to the user Subquery: A query that is embedded in a main, or parent, query and used [...]
Continue reading → The computer industry suppliers can be classified into three groups , namely Hardware Suppliers, Software Suppliers and Service Suppliers. Suppliers of hardware include Mainframe manufacturers , peripheral vendors, computer leasing firms and used –system dealers. IBM is one of the major suppliers of mainframe computers. Peripheral vendors supply tape drivers, disk and diskette drives, printers [...]
Continue reading → There are three things one can do to prevent virus infection in a computer system. These are: 1. Limit sharing 2. Limit transitivity 3. Limit functionality Limit sharing One can limit sharing by limiting information flow so as to form a post office kind of communicating information domains in a network system. In such a [...]
Continue reading → An audit trail is designed to permit tracing of operation, whether it is related to insertion, deletion or updation of records or processing performed on the computer system. In audit trail, all the operations that a user performs during a log-in session are noted. When a user logs in, the system records the user’s account [...]
Continue reading → A benchmark is a sample program used for evaluating the performance of computer-based systems. It helps in the following manner: 1. Determination of the minimum hardware configuration needed t operate the system. 2. Testing the system in an ideal environment to determine comparative timings and then testing the system in a normal environment. 3. Determination [...]
Continue reading → The pictorial representation of information and instructions using GUI’s are more user-friendly and easy-to-understand than textual commands and lifeless screens. Nowadays, GUI (Graphical user Interface) is incorporated within most of the computer operating systems, pioneer among them being the Microsoft’s Windows 9X,2000 and XP. Note : GUI is a software design that allows you to [...]
Continue reading → In the system design process, the primary objective is to identify user requirements and to build a system that satisfies these requirements. Design of system is largely the logical design. The logical design can be sketched on a paper or on a computer terminal. The design, also including the physical design elements, describes the data [...]
Continue reading → Equijoins are also commonly known as simple joins, or inner joins. Given two or more tables, an equijoin will return the results of these tables where a common column between any given pair of tables has the same value (an equal value). Equijoins are typically joins between foreign keys in one table to a primary [...]
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