Given below are the various commands & steps which are used to startup & open the database for accessing it in Oracle. STARTUP Command Behavior Order of precedence: spfileSID.ora Default SPFILE initSID.ora Default PFILE Specified PFILE can override precedence. STARTUP PFILE = $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initDBA1.ora PFILE can indicate to use SPFILE. SPFILE = /database/startup/spfileDBA1.ora Starting Up [...]