Most banks and financial institutions offer a wide variety of banking services (for example saving balance checking, individual transactions), credit (such as loans, mortgage) and investment services (mutual funds). Some also offer insurance services and stock investment services. Financial data collected in the banking and financial i9ndustry are often relatively complete,reliable and of high quality,which [...]
Database
CLUSTERING IN DATA MINING
Clustering is a division of data into groups of similar objects. Each group, called cluster, consists of objects that are similar between themselves and dissimilar to objects of other groups. Representing data by fewer clusters necessarily loses certain fine details (akin to lossy data compression), but achieves simplification. It represents many data objects by few [...]
ROLLUP and CUBE Operators in Oracle
Sometimes, a simple GROUP BY clause just isn’t enough in a query. Once you generate a report of, let’s say, average salary by department or the standard deviation of sick days by job title, you often must run a second query that calculates the average salary or standard deviation across the entire set of employees. [...]
APPLICATIONS OF DATA MINING
Data mining has many and varied fields of application some of which are listed below. Retail/Marketing 1. Identify buying patterns from customers 2. Find associations among customer demographic characteristics 3. Predict response to mailing campaigns 4. Markets analysis Banking 1. Detect patterns of fraudulent credit card use 2. Identify ‘loyal’ customers 3. Predict customers likely [...]
REASONS FOR THE GROWING POPULARITY OF DATA MINING
1.Growing Data Volume The main reason for necessity of automated computer systems for intelligent data analysis is the enormous volume of existing and newly appearing data that require processing. The amount of data accumulated each day by various business, scientific,and governmental organizations around the world is daunting. 2. Limitations of Human Analysis Two other problems [...]
HOW DO WE CATEGORIZE DATA MINING SYSTEMS?
There are many data mining systems available or being developed. Some are specialized systems dedicated to a given data source or are confined to limited data mining functionalities, other are more versatile and comprehensive. 1. Classification according to the type of data source mined: this classification categorizes data mining systems according to the type of [...]
WHAT CAN DATA MINING DO?
The kinds of patterns that can be discovered depend upon the data mining tasks employed. By and large, there are two types of data mining tasks: descriptive data mining tasks that describe the general properties of the existing data, and predictive data mining tasks that attempt to do predictions based on inference on available data. [...]
WHAT KIND OF DATA CAN BE MINED?
In principle, data mining is not specific to one type of media or data. Data mining should be applicable to any kind of information respiratory. However, algorithms and approaches may differ when applied to different types of data. Indeed, the challenges presented by different types of data very significantly. Data mining is being put into [...]
Database Management System
A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access the data. The collection of data, usually referred to as the database, contains information related to an enterprise. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is [...]
Recovery Manager in Oracle
The Recovery Manager (RMAN) tool is an extensive and comprehensive set of tools that can streamline the backup and recovery of a database. It can be accessed via either a command line or a GUI interface through OEM by selecting Tools Database Tools Backup Management Backup. Using RMAN can reduce errors by automating many of [...]
Cold Backups in Oracle
A database cold backup is most likely the simplest way to make a backup of a database. A cold backup consists of making copies of the datafiles, the control files, and the initialization parameter files, or SPFILEs, while the database is shut down. A cold backup is also known as a closed backup. Cold backups [...]
Export and Import for DBAs
The DBA can use additional features of the Export (EXP) and Import (IMP) utilities that a user can use to save and restore database objects.for backing up all user objects in the database or to copy a tablespace to another database. The tablespace copy feature, introduced in Oracle9i, is known as transportable tablespaces. It is [...]
SPFILE in Oracle
An SPFILE (Server Parameter File), new to Oracle9i, is a binary file. The file is not meant to be modified manually and must always reside on the server side. After the file is created it is maintained by the Oracle server. If modified manually, the SPFILE is rendered useless. The SPFILE provides the ability to [...]
