The DBA can use additional features of the Export (EXP) and Import (IMP) utilities that a user can use to save and restore database objects.for backing up all user objects in the database or to copy a tablespace to another database. The tablespace copy feature, introduced in Oracle9i, is known as transportable tablespaces. It is [...]

An SPFILE (Server Parameter File), new to Oracle9i, is a binary file. The file is not meant to be modified manually and must always reside on the server side. After the file is created it is maintained by the Oracle server. If modified manually, the SPFILE is rendered useless. The SPFILE provides the ability to [...]

The PFILE (initSID.ora)  is a text file that can be maintained using a standard operating system editor. The PFILE is read only during instance startup. If the file is modified, the instance must be shut down and restarted in order to make the new parameter values effective.
 By default, the PFILE is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [...]

A process  on a server is a section of a computer program in memory that performs a specific task. When the Oracle server starts, multiple processes are started on the server to perform various functions as part of the Oracle instance. While a detailed discussion of all Oracle background processes is beyond the scope of [...]

In order to start an instance and open the database, you must connect as SYSDBA and enter the STARTUP command. The Oracle server will then read the initialization parameter file and prepare the instance according to the initialization parameters contained within.
Note: You must have SYSDBA privilege.

Entries are specific to the instance being started
Two types of [...]

Given below are the various commands & steps which are used to startup & open the database for accessing it in Oracle.
STARTUP Command Behavior
Order of precedence:

spfileSID.ora
Default SPFILE
initSID.ora
Default PFILE

Specified PFILE can override precedence.
STARTUP PFILE = $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initDBA1.ora
PFILE can indicate to use SPFILE.
SPFILE = /database/startup/spfileDBA1.ora
 
Starting Up a Database NOMOUNT

Starting Up a Database MOUNT

Starting Up a Database OPEN

STARTUP Command
Start [...]

Oracle takes advantage of various types of processes:
• User process:
Started at the time a database user requests connection to the Oracle server
• Server process:
Connects to the Oracle instance and is started when a user establishes a session
User Process
A program that requests interaction with the Oracle
server
• Must first establish a connection
• Does not interact directly with [...]

An Oracle server consists of both a database and an instance. In Oracle terminology, database  refers to only the physical files on disk. These are the files thatstore the data itself, the database state information in the control file, and the changes made to the data in the redo log files. The term instance  refers [...]

OCI (Oracle Call Interface) : A set of library routines that allows a C application on virtually any development platform to easily connect to and process SQL statements against an Oracle database. The OCI routines are called as native C library functions; therefore, no preprocessor is necessary when compiling a C application using OCI.
OCI is [...]

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)  : A set of standards that allow applications that are not dependent on any one specific database to process SQL statements against any database that supports SQL 
Many tools in the Windows (and Unix) environment can take advantage of a common framework known as ODBC, which stands for Open Database Connectivity. In [...]

  Basic network client connectivity is provided during an Oracle client installation. Starting with release 9, Oracle’s network connectivity package is known as Oracle Net Services. Third-party developers can leverage this functionality in their own applications to provide tools customized for a more specific audience and to provide an additional layer of functionality that may [...]

  With iSQL*Plus, you connect to the database indirectly via a very “lightweight” middle tier. The iSQL*Plus tool is essentially the web-enabled version of SQL*Plus, with a few restrictions, which we will cover shortly. It is implemented as part of a three-tier Oracle environment, although iSQL*Plus could very well run on the same machine as [...]

Oracle Universal Installer

Used to install, upgrade, or remove software components, and create a database
Based on a Java engine
Features include :

Automatic dependency resolution
Allows for Web-based installations
Tracking inventory of component and suite installations
De installation of installed components
Support for multiple Oracle homes
Support for globalization technology

Starting the Universal Installer

To start Oracle Universal Installer on UNIX:

$ ./runInstaller

To start Oracle [...]

A Web service displays data on the Internet to trusted suppliers, customers or business partners. However, you need to ensure that only appropriate people gain access to a critical data. Therefore, it is important to secure the HTTP endpoint.
To secure endpoints, you need to perform the following steps :

Create appropriate user within the database :You [...]

In the Service Broker Architecture , various services converse with each other by sending and receiving messages.. The following diagram explains the conversation process between two services :

                                                      The Service Broker Conversation Process
The Service Broker  applications send and receive messages across services. A message is sent from one service to another for processing. When a [...]