In this approach, a system is seen as a set of functions, data  and processes and their inter-relationships.
Maintenance is a costlier affair in this approach. Proper and detailed documentation is needed for modification of the system.
Repairing faults may require changes in more than one module. Also fault identification is difficult.
Reuse of code is limited and [...]

In this approach, a system is seen as a collection of objects, each with a functional purpose. These objects are interconnected to achieve a common objective.
It facilitates easy maintenance of system and at a low cost. This is because changes to algorithms used by an object does not affect other objects.
Repairing faults in the system [...]

Single-Dimensional Arrays –
These are the arrays having only one dimension which contains the elements in a linear way. We can declare an array of five integers as in the following example:
int[ ] myArray = new int [5];
This array contains the elements from myArray[0] to myArray[4]. The new operator is used to create the [...]

System.Object –
System.Object class is the ultimate base class that all types directly or indirectly derive from. The object class allows us to build generic routines, provides Type System Unification, and enables working with groups collections. Commonly generic routines must accept arguments of type object and allow users to pass any type they want. This [...]

An exception is any error condition or unexpected behavior encountered by a program in execution. Exceptions can be raised because of a fault in our code or in shared library or when operating system resources not being available or when unexpected conditions the CLR encounters and so on.
Exceptions in C# provide a structured way of [...]

To overload an operator in a class, one defines a method using the ‘operator’ keyword. For instance, the following code overloads the equality operator
public static bool operator == ( Value a ,Value b)
{
return a.Int == b.Int
}
To understand the need for operator overloading, imagine that we need to perform matrix addition or multiplication operations in [...]

Passing by value
The parameter modifiers ‘ref’ and ‘out’ relate to how the parameter is passed into the method. Where neither of these modifiers is used, the parameter is passed in ‘by value’. In this case, when the method is called the value given is copied to the variable specified in the method declaration. The following [...]

.In this mode it is possible to display text as well as graphical figures. The basic element of the graphical pictures is picture element, which is also called a pixel. The resolution of the monitor is measured in terms of pixels and it varies with respect to the type of the monitor.

The monitor type may be [...]

Information on stack reserve size property of VS:
This property is used to get or set the total stack allocation size in virtual memory.
By default stack reserve size for any exe build on Visual studio is 1MB. This applies for both 32 as well as 64 bit machine. To check the stack reserve size allocated for [...]

Borland is the company which creates compilers. Earlier, they released a version of C++ called Turbo C++ that was popular for programming in the DOS environment. Its webpage has the information of the compiler. They are too giving away a new version of the compiler Borland C++ 5.5 for free download. The registration on this [...]

A computer can only understand machine language and no other program. Hence, the programs written in other languages must be converted into the machine language of the computer. Machine language is the language which is directly understood by the computer. Such translation is performed with the help of the software. A program which translates an [...]

This post is meant for those who are working on AutoCAD customization or interaction with AutoCad  using DXF / DWG files.
RealDWG is just subset of ObjectARX hence not all the functionality is available with RealDWG. Another thing is ObjectArx can be used only when AutoCad is running, this is not the case with RealDWG. You [...]

An Object Oriented Programming consists of a set of objects that communicate with each other. The process of programming in an object- oriented language, involves creation of classes that define objects and their behavior, creating of objects from class definitions and establishment of communication among different objects. Objects communicate with one another b sending and [...]

Polymorphism is another important OOP concept. Polymorphism, a Greek term, means the ability to take more than one form. An operation ay exhibit different behaviors in different instances. The behavior depends upon the types of data used in the operation. For example, consider the operation of addition. For two numbers, the operation will generate [...]

C++ is an object oriented programming language. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Laboratories in the Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA, in the early 1980’s. Stroustrup, an admirer of Simula67 and a strong supporter of C, wanted to combine the best of the languages and create a more powerful language that could [...]